Marketing Terrorism: The Continental Fear From Middle East to Asia & Africa by Noor Dahri

Author:Noor Dahri [Dahri, Noor]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Political Science, Terrorism, Security (National & International)
ISBN: 9789389620801
Google: KSe4zQEACAAJ
Goodreads: 54689113
Publisher: VIJ BOOKS INDIA
Published: 2020-11-02T00:00:00+00:00

B: Telegram

Telegram in particular has been critical for Daesh:

The relative anonymity makes it harder to identity and track followers of a certain channel for a number of reasons: First, on a social network such as Twitter, following and follower lists are public, and therefore pro-ISIS accounts can be crossreferenced by checking the accounts that they follow and those that follow them. Second, Telegram users can forward content they find on the channel to other Telegram users, thus heightening the sharing and dissemination of jihadi content. Third, messages on the channels are transmitted in a single direction, and no reverse interaction from channel subscribers to the broadcaster is possible. This eliminates the possibility of counter-messaging and the disruption of a content’s feed, both of which are used on Twitter as a strategy to counter extremist propaganda. Finally, Telegram provides client-server/server-client encryption as a default option, which, in theory, adds security to the entire interaction.201

Telegram also offers “Secret Chat,” which uses end-to-end encryption, and offers features like message self-destruct.202 Additionally, Telegram “has been much slower than other companies to develop and implement ToS that target jihadi exploitation of file-sharing services. Telegram is generally reluctant to regulate extremist content on its platform, citing concerns about free speech and claiming that governments are inflating the threat of online extremist content.”203 The 2015 Paris, 2016 Brussels, 2016 Berlin, and 2017 Istanbul attacks were all organized over Telegram.204 It is worth noting that part of the discrepancy in the apparent messaging Daesh produces in English and the full amount of content they release is due to different focuses. The English material is no longer focused solely on foreign fighter recruitment, but instead on attacks in one’s homeland. Thus the instructions provided are more limited and focus on low-tech attacks (ie, stabbings, vehicular assaults, etc).205 Researchers went through 98 channels in 2017 that produced instructional material in English, but this was only 16.2 percent of the channels that the Program on Extremism discovered, illustrating the proportion of English language material.206

C: Daesh media output 207

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